16 NETWORK EFFECTS ARE BEHIND 70% of the value created by tech companies since 1994

Ecosystem, uh?

Channels, Alliances, Partnerships... Why choose the word "Ecosystem"?


"Channel" is heavily associated with reselling or distribution.

"Alliances" is associated with Strategic Partnerships.

"Partnerships" is reflective of the new platform ecosystem business model, but...


"Ecosystem" includes all three. It also includes the customers, the internal talent, the shareholders... In some of our assignments, we exclusively work with a business unit, or a specific team.


Thinking in terms of "ecosystem" enables holistic, creative thinking, and unleashes impact locked in relationships we have forgotten because of the limiting terms through which we have structured and perceived our environment.

Using a less common term also gives us the opportunity to find a definition together, instead of assuming we know what we are talking about.


"Ecosystem" derives from the Greek oikos, meaning "home," and systema, or "system."

Originally used in biology to qualify a system composed of all the organisms found in a particular physical environment, interacting with it and with each other.


We refer to "Ecosystems" as complex networks. Each player is a node (partner) in the network, and the relationships (partnerships) between the players are the links in the network.


The "home" or "environment" is just a matter of choice. Do you want to focus the ecosystem around the organization you're leading? Around your ideal customer? Around a Job-to-be-Done? A technology? Choose intentionally but also know you can move your focus, and it is beneficial.

We do not claim to know.
At PeakPerform, we acknowledge that we are still figuring out what Ecosystems are, because this is a complex and chaotic space. And because it is Day 1 (see the home page for our full point on Day 1).

High Trust Ecosystems

Trust is where we start.

And it remains front and center.


Trust is no new ingredient to high performance organizations and teams. The topic received renewed attention lately, especially with Google making Project Aristotle public and the topic of DEI. "Psychological safety" can be a triggering word in our polarized world, but it must not block us from engaging in Trust Building.


Ultimately, "Trust comes from helping others reach their promised land." (Fuller, Nearbound) but to get a shot at helping others, you want to start somewhere. See the 4 Cores of Credibility.

From Covey's Speed of Trust
What Google Learned From Its Quest to Build the Perfect Team
By Charles Duhigg - Feb. 25, 2016
Most consultants, trainers, mentors focus on Competence.
On walking the talk
Love this illustration about Integrity from Theory U (Scharmer)

Most interventions focus on building capabilities and delivering results: the Competence part.

We usually start there for quick wins, because that is how most customers want to start.


But we don't stop there, and we don't focus on Competence.

Character-focused interventions - where we develop integrity & intent - offer the most leverage and deliver the most impact.


Character work takes place at the level of the individual, the teams, the organizations, and the entire ecosystem. Each entity clarifies their own values, intentions, strengths, and needs in order to successfully connect to the network: most effectively and most efficiently.

High Performance Ecosystems

To bring up another of Google's contributions.
Don't worry, most of our research has expanded beyond Google & the Tech ecosystem.

As we establish Trust, each partner can join the conversation - and the network - authentically, sharing their values, intentions, strengths, and needs, transparently. This opening gives us what success looks like for each node in the network and therefore for the entire network. We design win-win-win deals that balance the interests of the partners. These deals set the Performance Levels we then target.


How do you drive High Performance?


We talked about Project Aristotle, we could talk about Project Oxygen, and countless other data-driven studies attempting to identify ways to drive High Performance.


At PeakPerform, we have dedicated years of research and dozens of prototypes to find the high-ROI path to unleash human potential, to unlock new levels of Impact. Peak Performance has been our Holy Grail, and we have discovered Ecosystems in that quest. So you can count on us to be Result-driven, Outcome-driven.


Here are three insights underlying our work:

"Normal" distribution, a Gaussian Curve
Pareto distribution, shaped like a hockey stick with long tails.
Research conducted in 2011 and 2012 by Ernest O’Boyle Jr. and Herman Aguinis (633,263 researchers, entertainers, politicians, and athletes in a total of 198 samples) found that performance in 94 percent of these groups did not follow a normal distribution. Rather these groups fall into what is called a "Power Law" distribution. See the PDF here.
Globalization and the unification of the different fields of knowledge, of the different industries.
Automation (Algorithms) have been concentrating decision making and power in a few hands, when the thousands of Algorithms are created by a handful of powerful AI meta-algorithms...
If we follow a Bell Curve, we underestimate the Performance of the best, and overestimate the compensation of the rest. Unfair & counter-productive.
Why Google Quietly Uses the Power-Law Rule to Pay Its Superstar Employees 'Unfairly'
Perception, Preference, Systems...
"Perceived" Unfair (Power Law) can do as much damage to the organization as "Real" Unfair (applying a Bell Curve when Performance follows a Power Law)
Small-scale societies often share through norms of informal social insurance, and large-scale societies share through governmental welfare transfers and progressive taxation. In corporations, wages are typically secret and vary less than productivity does, as though workers have a strong aversion for earning less than others do. Workers also seem to reciprocate when they feel companies have treated them well, but withdraw effort when they feel wronged. These social patterns have been replicated under controlled conditions in many behavioural economics experiments: participants regularly share wealth with strangers, punish non-cooperators at a cost to themselves, and reject unfair divisions of a pool of money. Tricomi, 2010, doi:10.1038/nature08785
Fair compensation to each individual, as in rewarding each individual to the full extent of their contribution.
2008 Idea from Malcolm Gladwell.
From his book "Outliers".
2006 Idea from Carol Dweck.
From her book "mindset".
For organization who follow a Performance Centric Approach.
For organizations attending to both Performance & Health equally.
Significantly outperform organizations which follow a Performance Centric Approach in terms of Total Return to Shareholders & Return on Invested Capital. (from Beyond Performance 2.0 research)

Network Effects

16 Network Effects are behind 70% of the value created by tech companies since 1994.

Déjà vu from the homepage? Skip.


NfX's study shows that 16 network effects are responsible for 70% of the value created by tech companies since 1994, even though they are generated by a minority of companies. If you are a start-up, pick Jobs-to-be-Done & Products that will drive the most network effects. Established businesses can still be improved so don't despair. The best time to start is now, and you can use us for your Cold Start.


Over time, the value of the network exceeds the value of the product, making life way easier for the organization who initiated that process. Network effects are the phenomenon behind too many poor products we keep using: we don't ditch them because we don't want to lose the networks they seeded.


Looking at it from a competitive lens, network effects are great defensive tools, together with your IP, Brand, Scale, and Embedding. And because 96% of the value is created after year 10, and competitors will swarm as soon as you have proved product-market & profit-market fit, defensibility is essential.


At PeakPerform, we design ecosystems to maximize network effects and the value they bring to all stakeholders. It starts with simple questions:

  • What does each stakeholder (node in the network) want to give and get?
  • What do I want to give and get?
  • How do I architect the early ecosystem so it becomes self-sustaining?

The day-to-day looks the same: acquiring customers & partners, making them successful... But the indicators you look at are different, your understanding of what you are building is different, and it changes the way you lead. For instance, instead of developing that new feature and spreading yourself thin, you might partner and double down on what you are great at. Instead of a competitor, you made a partner with whom to co-market, co-sell, co-serve, and co-innovate..

Another genius study & visual by NfX
See https://www.nfx.com/post/70-percent-value-network-effects
Visual showing the world's largest market cap companies in 2021, most being Ecosystem companies. From the Book "Ecosystem Economy" (Atluri & Dietz), sourced from S&P Capital IQ.
A phenomenon whereby a service gains additional value as more people use it.
NfX has counted 16 types, so far. See https://www.nfx.com/post/network-effects-manual

From Cold Starting to Scaling

Whether you're designing your ecosystem, cold starting, or scaling it, we are here to help at each step of the way. When we choose, we particularly enjoy the design & cold start challenges.


The "Cold start", aka the “chicken or egg” problem refers to the early stage challenges of getting the first users to join. If the network produces the majority of the value of your offering, how do you convince the first users to join? There is no value yet.


It is particularly difficult for 2-sided Marketplaces as you need a big enough pool of buyers and sellers in order for the service to deliver the value each seek. Buyers want to see sellers to come, and Sellers want to see Buyers... NfX (again) has mapped 19 specific tactics to help solve this problem. We highly recommend their content.


Looking to package your improvised ecosystem operations into structured partner programs? We help you scale your early efforts so you can accelerate growth efficiently.

We look forward to

working with you.